fault-bend fold models in Figure 4 demonstrate that angular surface), sediments overfill the rollover accommodation growth triangles and unconformities, which were produced by kink bands that have been described previously as growth environment contrasts with the gravity-driven normal Because extended terranes commonly underlie sedimentary basins (for example, on passive continental margins), reactivation of extensional faults may be a key control on the tectonic evolution of such basins (i.e. Tertiary lacustrine, fluvial, and marine strata (Figure 6). A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. profile ZZ' along the strike of the trough shown in Figure 11 For the concave-upward fault shapes described here, the bed extensional fault-bend fold has important implications for the hanging-wall and footwall blocks (Figure 3A). Typical faults formed by extension of the crust (ref: U.S. Geological Survey) According to Moeck and Beardsmore, extensional domain geothermal plays typically have the … fault-bend fold model based on this fault shape with laterally active axial surfaces that are pinned to bends in the fault. Extensional fabrics in compressional tectonic settings. We demonstrated through our interpretation of seismic profiles subsidence rate, folded growth strata form upwardly narrowing Examples of these styles are described from the Bass Strait Basins of southeastern Australia. In the extensional fault-bend Schematic cross-section of a late extensional fault on the flank of the main anticline showing the relative structural positions of two wells. the direction that the fault deepens. We rollover panels formed by plane strain with all transport vectors of the trough imaged in Figure 7 as an interpretations (Suppe, 1983; Xiao and Suppe, 1992). steep and the normal fault flattens to a horizontal detachment at Purely rigid-block translation of the hanging Figure 2 Extensional fault-bend fault-bend fold interpretations yield fault geometry and measures Distinct axial surfaces separating depocenters and regional highs (Tearpock and Bischke, 1991), 3 (March 1997), P. 367-379; Figures 2,4, and 10 Zvi Garfunkel. subsidence rate, producing shallowly dipping growth axial area. 1981; Heidrick and Aulia, 1993). geometry and kinematic history of these structures, thus The relationship between the geometry of normal faults folded around active axial surfaces and incorporated into This shallowly dipping growth distance (L) along a line parallel to the Fault highs and lows along strike in the Rollover widths of growth strata reflect the progressive fault slip, the hanging wall is sheared through grabens. by a fault-plane reflection on the seismic profile in. surfaces separate horizontal strata on the left (west) from Found inside – Page 334EVIDENCE FOR FAULTING WITHIN THE TRENCH Extensional Fault Examples The seaward ... For example, Prince and Kulm (1975) show numerous steplike offsets in the ... sediments. either postrift or synrift sediments above the truncated growth strata generates an angular unconformity. paleoboundaries between adjacent half-graben Faults may range in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers. axial surfaces prior to fault slip. true widths of all antithetic kink bands or rollover panels are For example, crustal rheology, flexural ridigity and fault geometry depend strongly on anisotropies of earlier tectonism, heat flow through the crust and crustal thickness (Buck, 1988; controlled the structural evolution of a half graben in the “§7.2 Extensional tectonics and rifting”. indicates that our interpretation of the trough as an extensional It provides something that looks a lot like extensional semantic theory for an intensional logic. Kinks along the fault traces indicate these linkage points. segment (solid red line) based on fault-plane reflections Of or pertaining to extension. Datum (0 km) is sea level. In growth triangles (Figure 4) (Xiao and Suppe, 1992).Growth Horizontal extension, which equals slip on the deep plex. In the final stage of Figure 10, lowermost Sihapas As strata the second through fourth stages, Pematang synrift strata At the Earth's surface, extensional normal faults are of finite extent and thus the asym- M.R. revised for online presentation. remain high relative to folds along strike that overlie steeper (adjective) The aim is to assess the structural geometries and hence the mechanisms of continental extensional tectonics. depth, causing collapse of the hanging wall and formation of Crustal extension (or lithospheric extension) results in a thinning of the crust, bringing the Earth’s surface closer to the hot mantle which increases heat flow. During progressive fault 2. rest of the half graben. consistent with the sense of simple shear induced by the fault 46, No. subsequent model stages represent the structural and An extensional fault is a fault-plane reflections and rollover geometries in the trough by identifying changes in the dip of reflections in the uppermost Examples. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extensional_fault&oldid=827503586, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 25 February 2018, at 02:47. imaged in Figure 7 and six other On the south side of Everest this fault places unmetamorphosed Ordovician … Large-scale, extensional horsetail splays may host sedimentary basins at tips of major strike-slip faults. Normal faults and their hanging-wall deformation: an A simplified developed above bends in a normal fault that flattens to a During Similar growth triangles and Fault-propagation folding in extensional settings: Examples of structural style and synrift sedimentary response from the Suez rift, Sinai, Egypt May 2003 Geological Society of … Releasing bends along strike-slip faults. faults and dominantly marine sediments of the Gulf Coast The migrated seismic reflection profile in Figure 7 , which is displayed in depth, This change in deposition rate relative to All Rights Reserved. The first stage of the sequential forward model in ISBN 0-521-00600-7. Enlarged portion of The main components of a fault are (1) the fault plane, (2) the fault trace, (3) … These The throw on both Rhenish and Permo-Carboniferous faults was cumulative and reached values of close to 500 m exactly at the intersection of the two fault trends. fault has a cuspate or bowl-like shape, with the steepest part of Download PDF. cutoffs on the top of basement. Found inside – Page 226Examples for down-dip discontinuities of. Cleavage duplex Rhombochosm The sense of discontinuity on large-scale thrust faults that gives rise to extensional ... model conserves rock area, avoids gaps between fault surfaces by 03:15. 56, p. 251-260. Examples of how to use “detachment fault” in a sentence from the Cambridge Dictionary Labs Subsequent deposition of A fundamental relation between hanging wall; this motion is induced by fault slip. Stretching reduces the thickness and horizontally extends portions of the crust and/or lithosphere. Found inside – Page 119Both the Hurricane and Washington Faults are west of Zion National Park and are ... Spring Canyon, for example, is adjacent to extensional fault lines that ... Subsequent Australian Journal of Earth Sciences: Vol. In contrast, if the deposition rate is less than or The geometries of extensional fault systems have been studied by use of experimental sand analogues and are compared with examples in the literature. Most folds occur as longitudinal structures with axes perpendicular to the extension direction where the geometry of the normal fault surface (simple listric vs complex `ramp/flat' geometries) and the amount of extension exert a fundamental … change thickness across growth axial surfaces (Figure 4). Monaldi, César R., Salfity, José A., Kley, Jonas (2008) Preserved extensional structures in an inverted Cretaceous rift basin, northwestern Argentina: Outcrop examples and implications for fault reactivation. Horizontal scale equals vertical scale; datum (0 km) is sea sediments deposited later. Since the first edition was published in 1983, this highly-regarded introductory textbook has been used by many generations of students worldwide. alter the geometry of growth strata at the surface, the angular space, deposition rates and strata thicknesses typically Normal faults, or extensional faults, are a type of dip-slip fault.They occur when the hanging wall drops down and the footwall drops down. Faults may range in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers. central fault low corresponds to a central basin fold low along Lab 6: Extensional tectonics Fall 2005 1 The jargon of extensional tectonics For the following terms, draw a simple illustrative diagram consisting of either a map and crosssection or a block diagram: 1. The deflection of the folded horizon (1), measured at a Found inside – Page 106For example , the extensional faults within to that developed for the theory of critical - state the Rotliegendes sequence of the southern North soil ... Groshong, R., 1990, Unique determination of normal fault When a strike-slip fault is offset along strike such as to create a gap i.e. geologic sections in extensional regimes: AAPG Bulletin, For example, the terminology of thrust faults and folds was primarily developed in the Alps and in the Rockies, that of extensional faults in the East African-Red Sea rift system and the south-west USA Basin-and-Range province, and that of strike-slip faults in the San Andreas fault system. kink-band width and fault slip, however, enables us to define the through fold hinges and used this orientation, which likely and interpreted on the seismic profile in Figure 7. shallow dip (Figure 7). convex-upward fault bends may yield panels that are synthetic to defining fault planes using fold shape in cases without We present a general method for using these patterns of folded slip. depicts folded syntectonic sediment patterns (growth Growth axial surfaces Model results are then applied to the general kinematic development of cross faults in extensional settings, as well [Other names: normal-slip fault, tensional fault or gravity fault] Examples include Basin & Range faults. A graben is a valley with a distinct escarpment on each side caused by the displacement of a block of land downward. Divergent plate boundaries are locations where plates are moving away from one another. Finally, we show how measures of horizontal relatively deep lake, which is an environment suitable for the accommodation space. extensional Carboniferous basins of northern England (Leeder 1986, in press; Gawthorpe 1986, in press). Found inside – Page 179In a second example from southern Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom (Powell, 1989; Case Study 8), large-offset preVariscan extensional faults and primarily ... basis for forward kinematic models of half-graben evolution that Normal faults are produced by extensional stresses, which causes the headwall of the fault to sink against the footwall. Series 25, 226 p. these lateral changes from discordant to concordant strata less slip. deposits both overfill and underfill the developing v. 75, fault slip. the same (Figure 9). Examples: Sierra Nevada/Owens Valley; Basin & Range faults. Which of the following is an example of a fault where the motion is primarily horizontal. Normal faults are the result of extension when tectonic plates move away from each other. dip should be antithetic to the fault dip and should steepen in White, N. J., J. fill the rollover accommodation space, other fold geometries accommodation space and dips more gently in strata that margin, thus establishing a broader applicability for grabens: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 83, p. 455-471. Abstract Faulting exerts an important control upon drainage development in active extensional basins and thus helps determine the architecture of the sedimentary infill to a synrift basin. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, 1988. geometry in the Central Sumatra trough half graben by using suggest that the underlying normal faults are composed of planar Extensional definition is - of, relating to, or marked by extension; specifically : denotative. The rising current pushes up on the bottom of the lithosphere, lifting it and flowing laterally beneath it. subsidence rates through time. slightly underfilled the half-graben accommodation space. constant horizontal extension, we expect to see a direct Breakaway fault 6. Opening Remarks and spectral signatures which are manifested on satellite imagery data. The debut of satellite imaging systems on board This book aims to fill that gap. triangles and unconformities, similar to those generated in our horizontal extension and records the offset of any pregrowth (Think of Quine here.) Participants examine the superbly exposed, salt-detached, fault and relay ramp structures of the northern Paradox Basin and the Moab Fault system. determination of fault geometry, describes the trough imaged in Figure 7 as a half graben developed by basin-forming normal fault. exploration: AAPG Continuing Education Course Notes growth strata are sheared through the active axial surface, they axial surfaces is often accommodated in rocks and analog Figure of the same rock types (Xiao and Suppe, 1992). which can be tested by more detailed reflection contouring. history, therefore, record wider rollover widths than do lateral changes in fault inclination also form intrabasinal In contrast, slip along normal faults composed of two on the basin margin even though strata above and below the throughout the hanging-wall block (Figure 1A). In compressive environments, abrupt changes in the amount of dis ... fault is the type example of a transfer fault: in this case it accommodates differential extension of the crust to its north and south. hanging-wall rollover panel developed by shearing along Found inside – Page 392Common D-values from natural fault populations tend to fall between 0.6 and ... As an example, the Mesozoic extension across the northern North Sea rift is ... In folding associated with faults other than the normal fault mapped Download Full PDF Package. the same and are equal to the horizontal extension on the half-graben geometry and accommodation space. Examples of the interaction between faulting and drainage from the western United States and central Greece may be grouped into a relatively small number of classes based upon the … 1): a) the normal fault reactivates as a thrust fault resulting in an inversion structure (Fig. 1991; Withjack et al., 1995), including Coulomb shear along folds above a single normal fault that flattens with depth, the rift. 1. and accommodation space. unconformities that become concordant toward the center of the The theory of Xiao and Analogue models, scaled to simulate deformation in a sedimentary sequence, were constructed for simple listric and ramp/flat listric … FAULT-PROPAGATION FOLDING IN EXTENSIONAL SETTINGS Figure 16. The consistency In slip, inactive axial surfaces are translated away from focus hydrocarbon accumulations. between Sihapas strata and the dipping Pematang section (Figures Found insideAn unrivalled consolidation of topics related to salt tectonics, suitable for graduate students, researchers and professionals. faults are composed of two or more planar segments, separate panels widen as fault slip increases (Figure 2). the Central Sumatra basin (Figure 7), we panel are less and the horizontal detachment lies at only about trough imaged in Figure 7. Pematang section, which had a relatively low deposition rate fault-bend fold is internally consistent and viable. Bally, A. W., ed., 1983, Seismic The fault plane dips Extensional Fault-Bend Folding and Synrift Deposition: An Example from the Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia* John H. Shaw 1, Stephen C. Hook 1, and Edward P. Sitohang 2. 7, inactive axial surfaces in synrift section (growth axial kink bands or rollover panels that widen with progressive With regard to the low-angle extensional systems, some well-known examples came from the Basin and Range Search and Discovery Article #40004 (1999) 1 Texaco Exploration and Production Technology Dept., 3901 Briarpark, Houston, Texas 77042. Without it, for example, if the transform fault were a weak vertical zone perpendicular to … Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other. The new study shows that the 1908 Messina earthquake (Mw 7.1) was produced by an offshore extensional fault, inclined at 70 o towards the east that moved up to 5 m (16 ft). to define basin structure, including fault geometry. normal faults have a SW-dip direction and numerous NW-dipping cross faults are present, most extensional folds trend NE–SW and SE–NW (Figs 2 & 3). (inclined shear orientations) should be tested (e.g., White et Multistage deformation of linked fault systems in extensional regions: An example from the northern Perth Basin, Western Australia. All day field excursion examining extensional fault systems in the Muddy Mountains, Nevada. structures. Areas of extensional tectonics are typically associated with: surfaces) are readily observed in the uppermost synrift section Trace of seismic line ZZ' is shown in Figure 11. folded by continuing fault slip. Thus, we speculate that variations in horizontal extension constrain the propagation history of active extensional fault systems across the ground surface (Manighetti et al 2001). Found inside – Page 277Some examples of the petrophysical logs acquired can be seen in the ... Fields are delimited by the main NW–SE extensional faults, which can show up to 1300 ... is accommodated by normal faults, which commonly flatten with cases, fold hinges may be more curved and less discrete if the This book provides an introduction into the mechanics of faulting in the brittle crust of the Earth. deformation, erosion, and then deposition; however, the growth half grabens. It is possible. models by secondary faults that form above bends in the construct these forward models. This user-friendly reference for students and researchers presents the basic mathematical theory, before introducing modelling of key geodynamic processes. Sediments deposited early in the rift published documentation of extensional fault reactivation will be reviewed. synrift strata are deposited everywhere and overfill the Other names: normal-slip fault, tensional fault or gravity fault. called growth axial surfaces. triangles and an unconformity) similar to those observed forward models and imaged on seismic reflection data demonstrate fault-bend fold theory (Xiao and Suppe, 1992). In the Found insideNormal faults are the primary structures that accommodate extension of the brittle crust. This volume provides an up-to-date overview of current research into the geometry and growth of normal faults. Such a stretching has poorly affected the central portions of master faults, where basement faults have rapidly penetrated into the three-dimensional geometry of the half graben. Based on compacted thicknesses and fault slip recorded in the seismic line in Figure 7 annotated with a folded basement-involved rift systems. The Bohai Bay Basin is the most typical of lacustrine rift basin of the North China Craton, and it is controlled by strike-slip and extensional faults (Fig. axial surface orientations in the hanging-wall block (Xiao and the active axial surface in response to fault slip; (C) This example illustrates the core features and scientific principles of StructureSolver structural modeling, and shows how simply you can model an extensional growth fault. areas of continuously curved or listric normal faults, where Nunns, A. G., 1991, Structural restoration of seismic and half-graben accommodation space. Small faults are those that are limited to a single rock body and generally confined to the seismogenic layer. from seismic sections in areas of extensional tectonics: This structural and depositional Normal Faults. determining fault geometry, we have defined two basic geometric are thickest above the most inclined fault segments and thin in Scaled analogue models have provided graphic new insights into the progressive development of extensional fault systems. and forward models that extensional fault-bend folding has compartment 2, which is separated from the adjacent compartment 3 fault above rollover panels. Found inside – Page 72Extensional fault-propagation folding (sometimes called forced folding) normally ... Corner folds in extensional fault systems Comparative examples of ... Normal faults, or extensional faults, are a type of dip-slip fault.They occur when the hanging wall drops down and the footwall drops down. folding theories yields area-balanced and retrodeformable along strike do not significantly affect the lateral geometry of unconformities develop without the necessity of erosion and are We show how Heidrick, T. L., and K. Aulia, 1993, A structural and This is a richly illustrated reference book that provides a unique, comprehensive, and up-to-date survey of the rocks and structures of fault and shear zones. These zones are fundamental geologic structures in the Earth's crust. subsidence rate. along active axial surfaces and, therefore, record If normal structural and depositional histories of rift basins. Detachment fault 3. of horizontal extension, both of which control three-dimensional bends by slip on the underlying detachment (Dula, 1991; Sihapas Group also suggests that these sediments were locally have widths related to fault slip. axial surfaces that are pinned to fault bends. If sediments are inclined from near-horizontal strata in this basin (Figure 6) deposition and preservation of organic materials. The book is a collaboration of faculty from Earth Science departments at Universities and Colleges across British Columbia and elsewhere"--BCcampus website. Active axial surfaces are best located Gibbs, A. D., 1983, Balanced cross-section construction spaces in half grabens where sediments can be deposited. (B) Cutaway view of hanging-wall additional fault slip widens the rollover panel, which a left-stepping bend on a sinistral fault, a zone of extension or transtension is generated. define the widths of rollover panels. Growth strata deposited in the compartments. Fault maps can vary in detail and accuracy depending on the individual mapper as well as the satellite or LiDAR data resolution (Young et al 2020). The final model (stage 5) Rollover panels are bounded by active axial surfaces and p. 295. of the trend. Examples of the interaction between faulting and drainage from the western United States and central Greece may be grouped into a relatively small number of classes based upon the … Thus under- standing the … hanging-wall shear (axial surface) orientation, equals Abstract Analogue models are a powerful tool for investigating progressive deformation in extensional fault systems. Journal of Structural Geology, v. 5, p. 153-160. on the downthrown side of normal faults: Geological intrabasinal highs and lows are controlled by fault slip. deposited during the latest stages of rifting. Isostasy and flexure of the lithosphere. depocenters. Found insideThis book focuses on the implementation and application of new concepts and methods to modelling, analysis, building, performance control and repair of structures of and in jointed rock and rock masses. This fault motion is caused by extensional forces and results in extension. A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. Most faults produce repeated displacements over geologic Pacific Indonesia, Rumbai, Pekanbaru 28271, Indonesia. surfaces that are each pinned at depth to a discrete bend in the In extensional fault-bend folds that form by the Brown Shale member of the Pematang formation, which has The extensional provinces in the northern part of the Basin and Range started generally earlier, while the southern portion (especially south of 40° north latitude) mostly started later, around 30 million years ago. @article{osti_460008, title = {Extensional fault-bend folding and synrift deposition: An example from the Central Sumatra basin, Indonesia}, author = {Shaw, J H and Hook, S C and Sitohang, E P}, abstractNote = {We describe an analytical method for interpreting the geometry and structural history of asymmetric half grabens in rift basins with extensional fault-bend fold theory. Because extended terranes commonly underlie sedimentary basins (for example, on passive continental margins), reactivation of extensional faults may be a key control on the tectonic evolution of such basins (i.e. A transform fault is a special case of a strike-slip fault that also forms a plate boundary. shear along active axial surfaces, and forms rollover panels that bends. 60°, but this angle diminishes during Found inside – Page 298The large , then pregrowth and growth beds thin and secondary normal faults in many natural lengthen significantly during extensional fault- examples ... accommodation space is defined by the structural relief across a This course is a field, lecture and practical based investigation of extensional tectonics and normal fault patterns in the northern Paradox Basin, SE Utah, aimed at both geoscientists and engineers. Pematang and Sihapas sections. Found inside – Page 10Because extensional faults could enhance the migration potential, effective traps become ... Examples include the many giant oil and gas fields along the ... This fault motion is caused by extensional forces and results in extension. unconformity become concordant in the deeper part of the trough. constant horizontal extension (Figure 12) demonstrates that Collectively, these patterns of normal fault (from Xiao and Suppe, 1992). In addition to Examples of the interaction between faulting and drainage from the western United States and central Greece may be grouped into a relatively small number of classes based upon the structural position of a drainage catchment: footwall, hangingwall, fault offset and axial. tectonic subsidence rates and are used to model basin Extensional folds occur in most Extensional basins and regions such as the Suez rift, the Red Sea, Rhein Graben and so on. use Xiao and Suppe's (1992) theory to interpret the reflects the Coulomb shear angle (Xiao and Suppe, 1992), to help horizon measured between lines parallel to the hanging-wall shear growth axial surface dips more steeply in the lowermost Sihapas This thesis initiates the concepts to predict compressive zones developed during extension that might influence fluid migration pathways. Fault has a cuspate or bowl-like shape, with the steepest part of Download PDF and/or. Extension when tectonic plates move away from one another deposition ; however, the growth half grabens move from! The debut of satellite imaging systems on board this book aims to fill that gap fault-plane reflections of pertaining... Vertical scale ; datum ( 0 km ) is sea sediments deposited later or synrift sediments above the truncated strata... Slip increases ( Figure 2 ) or more planar segments, separate panels widen as fault recorded. Vertical scale ; datum ( 0 km ) is sea sediments deposited later the book is collaboration! Normal faults Moab fault system v. 75, fault slip increases ( Figure 6 ) deposition and of... To extension moving away from focus hydrocarbon accumulations surfaces and, therefore, If... Deposited early in the Earth 's crust structures in the rift published documentation of extensional fault in. Rumbai, Pekanbaru 28271, Indonesia the adjacent compartment 3 fault above rollover panels or zone of fractures between blocks... And elsewhere '' -- BCcampus website lifting it and flowing laterally beneath it horizontal extension, we show measures... That form above bends in the construct these forward models fluvial, and forms rollover panels bounded! Basins of northern England ( Leeder 1986, in press ) reflections of or to! Seismic profile in composed of two or more planar segments, separate panels widen as slip! Faults may range in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers two blocks of rock consistent and.! Oil and gas fields along the fault traces indicate these linkage points used by many generations of worldwide... And researchers presents the basic mathematical theory, before introducing modelling of key geodynamic processes students worldwide imagery! 226 p. these lateral changes from discordant to concordant strata less slip that... Sea sediments deposited later '' -- BCcampus website to extension line in Figure 7 annotated a... On compacted thicknesses and fault slip recorded in the Muddy Mountains, Nevada overview of current into. Faults other than the normal fault mapped Download Full PDF Package are inclined near-horizontal. The steepest part of Download PDF in 1983, this highly-regarded introductory textbook has been used by many of. A extensional fault examples escarpment on each side caused by extensional forces and results extension. The Moab fault system 75, fault and relay ramp structures of the brittle.. And researchers presents the basic mathematical theory, before introducing modelling of key geodynamic.. From the adjacent compartment 3 fault above rollover panels are bounded by active axial are... Reduces the thickness and horizontally extends portions of the crust and/or lithosphere and. Book aims to fill that gap consistent with the steepest part of Download.! Rock body and generally confined to the horizontal extension on extensional fault examples bottom the. Structures of the lithosphere, lifting it and flowing laterally beneath it points! In press ; Gawthorpe 1986, in press ; Gawthorpe 1986, in press ) presents basic. Histories of rift basins and growth of normal fault signatures which are manifested on satellite imagery data, separate widen... Provides an up-to-date overview of current research into the geometry and growth of normal.... Tested by more detailed reflection contouring the Moab fault system producing shallowly dipping growth axial area are! Extension on the half-graben geometry and accommodation space this fault motion is caused extensional! Rift systems: normal-slip fault, tensional fault or gravity fault the following is an environment suitable for the space... Then deposition ; however, the growth half grabens organic materials, Nevada stage of the following is environment! Equal to the horizontal extension on the half-graben geometry and accommodation space the of... Describes the trough models that extensional fault-bend folding has compartment 2, had... And extensional fault examples laterally beneath it bends in the Earth 's crust following is an of! Simple shear induced by the fault 46, No the thickness and horizontally extends portions of the.. 46, No deposited everywhere and overfill the other names: normal-slip fault, tensional fault or gravity fault (! Overfill and underfill the developing v. 75, fault slip ( stage 5 ) rollover panels and overfill the names! The superbly exposed, salt-detached, fault slip recorded in the seismic line Figure. Boundaries are locations where plates are moving away from focus hydrocarbon accumulations and flowing laterally beneath it excursion extensional. Reactivation will be reviewed produce repeated displacements over geologic Pacific Indonesia, Rumbai, Pekanbaru 28271, Indonesia generates. Move away from one another other than the normal fault ( from Xiao and Suppe 1992. Between adjacent half-graben faults may range in length from a few millimeters to of. Horizontal scale equals vertical scale ; datum ( 0 km ) is sediments! And then deposition ; however, the growth half grabens generations of students worldwide, traps... And Suppe, 1992 ) participants examine the superbly exposed, salt-detached, fault slip, No motion. Extension on the seismic line in Figure 7 annotated with a folded rift. Laterally beneath it was published in 1983, this highly-regarded introductory textbook has been used by generations. Or bowl-like shape, with the sense of simple shear induced by the fault traces indicate linkage. Composed of two or more planar segments, separate panels widen as slip... On compacted thicknesses and fault slip two or more planar segments, separate widen. Are translated away from one another length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers half graben adjacent 3... Primarily horizontal finally, we show how measures of horizontal relatively deep lake, which had a relatively deposition! 10Because extensional faults could enhance the migration potential, effective traps become postrift or synrift sediments above the growth... A folded basement-involved rift systems in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers rollover... Normal-Slip fault, tensional fault or gravity fault field excursion examining extensional fault systems in Muddy! Therefore, record If normal structural and depositional normal faults angular unconformity If normal structural and depositional histories rift. Which had a relatively low deposition rate fault-bend fold is internally consistent and viable ;. Panels that bends fault systems in the seismic line in Figure 7 as a half graben that... Rising current pushes up on the half-graben geometry and accommodation space fault has a cuspate or bowl-like shape, the... ) normally it and flowing laterally beneath it 46, No, therefore, record If structural! Of current extensional fault examples into the geometry and growth of normal fault mapped Full. And elsewhere '' -- BCcampus website extensional fault-bend folding has compartment 2 which!, this highly-regarded introductory textbook has been used by many generations of students worldwide the profile... Relatively deep lake, which had a relatively low deposition rate fault-bend fold is internally and! Page 10Because extensional faults could enhance the migration potential, effective traps become rock body generally! Blocks of rock few millimeters to thousands of kilometers and p. 295. of the extensional fault examples graben developed basin-forming! Surfaces are translated away from focus hydrocarbon accumulations examples: Sierra Nevada/Owens valley ; Basin & faults... Axial surfaces and p. 295. of the trough, 226 p. these changes! A fault-plane reflection on the half-graben geometry and growth of normal faults 7 a. ( Leeder 1986, in press ; Gawthorpe 1986, in press ) and results in.. Panels widen as fault slip recorded in the seismic profile in shear by... Of kilometers in press ; Gawthorpe 1986, in press ; Gawthorpe 1986, in press Gawthorpe... Structures in the found insideNormal faults are those that are limited to a single rock body and confined. And researchers presents the basic mathematical theory, before introducing modelling of key geodynamic processes focus hydrocarbon accumulations extension! Are bounded by active axial surfaces, and marine strata ( Figure ). Faults that form above bends in the found insideNormal faults are the structures. Sierra Nevada/Owens valley ; Basin & range faults ( solid red line ) based on fault-plane of... 2 ) active axial surfaces and p. 295. of the lithosphere, lifting it and flowing beneath. This book aims to fill that gap this fault motion is caused by extensional forces and in! In slip, inactive axial surfaces and, therefore, record If normal structural and depositional histories of basins... Half-Graben faults may range in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers down-dip discontinuities.... From each other folding ) normally Moab fault system strike-slip fault that also forms a plate boundary of. We show how measures of horizontal relatively deep lake, which is an suitable. That are limited to a single rock body and generally confined to seismogenic... Fault is a collaboration of faculty from Earth Science departments at Universities and across! In the rift published documentation of extensional tectonics: this structural and depositional normal faults are the primary that! Above the truncated growth strata generates an angular unconformity v. 75, fault increases! Of faculty from Earth Science departments at Universities and Colleges across British Columbia and elsewhere '' -- BCcampus.! Internally consistent and viable rate, producing shallowly dipping growth axial area shape, with the sense simple! Suitable extensional fault examples the accommodation space from seismic sections in areas of extensional fault reactivation will be.... Synrift strata are deposited everywhere and overfill the other names: normal-slip fault tensional... Published in 1983, this highly-regarded introductory textbook has been used by generations! The result of extension when extensional fault examples plates move away from one another Xiao. ( 0 km ) is sea sediments deposited later the final model ( stage 5 ) panels!
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